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CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION TO HYDROLOGY AND HYDRAULICS

HYDROLOGY Hydrology   is the study or science of transforming rainfall amount into the quantity of runoff.   Hydrology is "The science which treats of water, its properties and laws, its distribution over the earth's surface, etc." Hydrology is generally related to the study of rainfall and to water in connection to geography and geology. HYDRAULICS Hydraulics   is the study or science of taking that quantity of runoff to determine a flood level. Hydraulics is “That department of science which deals with the conveyance of water or other liquids through pipes or other artificial channels, and with the various mechanical applications of the force exerted by moving liquids. Often used in a wider sense, corresponding to what is now expressed by hydrokinetics or hydrodynamics. “(From the OED). Hydraulics is more geared towards physics, the study of the motion of liquids in relation to disciplines such as fluid mechanics and fluids dynamics,...
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CHAPTER 2: OPEN CHANNEL FLOW

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OPEN CHANNEL FLOW - A branch of hydraulics  and fluid mechanics,  is a type of liquid  flow within a conduit with a free surface, known as a channel . The other type of flow within a conduit is pipe flow . These two types of flow are similar in many ways but differ in one important respect: the free surface. Open-channel flow has a free surface , whereas pipe flow does not. 4 CLASSIFICATION OF OPEN CHANNEL: 1. Classification 1 - Natural Channels [natural open channels include all channels that exists naturally on the earth] - Artifical Channels [the channels develops by men] 2. Classification 2 - Prismatic Channels [unvarying cross-section channel and constant bottom slope] - Non-prismatic Channels [unconstant bottom slope] 3. Classification 3 - Rigid Boundary Channels [a channel with imnovable bed and sides] - Mobile Boundary Channels [composed of loose sedimentary particles moving] 4. Classification 4 - Large Slope Channels...
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